Lab 4.5.5 Testing UTP Cables

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Step 1: Set up the Fluke 620 LAN CableMeter
a. On the Fluke 620 meter, turn the rotary switch selector on the tester to the WIRE MAP position.
b. Press the SETUP button to enter the setup mode and observe the LCD screen on the tester.  Press the UP or DOWN arrow buttons until the desired cable type of UTP is selected. Press ENTER to accept that setting and go to the next one. Continue pressing the UP/DOWN arrows and pressing ENTER until the tester is set to the following cabling characteristics.
Tester Option Desired Setting - UTP
CABLE : UTP
WIRING : 10BASE-T OR EIA/TIA 4PR
CATEGORY: CATEGORY 5
WIRE SIZE: AWG 24
CAL TO CABLE? NO
BEEPING: ON or OFF
LCD CONTRAST: From 1 through 10 (brightest)
c. Once the meter is set up, press the SETUP button to exit setup mode.

Step 2: Test Cabling Procedure
a. For each cable to be tested use the following procedure. Place one end of the cable into the RJ-45 jack labeled UTP/FTP on the tester. Place the other end of the cable into the RJ-45 female coupler, and then insert the cable identifier into the other side of the coupler. The coupler and the cable identifier are accessories that come with the Fluke 620 LAN CableMeter.
 
Step 3: Use the Wire Map meter function
a. The Wire Map function and a Cable ID Unit can be used to determine the wiring of both the near and far end of the cable. The top set of numbers displayed on the LCD screen is the near end, and the bottom set is the far end. Perform a Wire Map test on each of the cables provided. Fill in the following table based on the testing results for
each Category 5 cable. For each cable, write down the identifying number of the cable and the cable color. Also write down whether the cable is straightthrough or crossover, the tester screen test results, and a description of the problem.

Step 4: Use the Length meter function
a. Using the tester LENGTH function, perform a basic cable test on the same cables used previously. Fill in the additional information for each cable.

Step 5: Test data jack and patch panel terminations for wire map, length and mis-wire (optional)
a. Using the data jack and patch panel cable from the previous lab, connect one end of one of the straight-through Ethernet patch cables to the data jack outlet and one end of the other straight- through cable to the jack at the patch panel.
b. Insert the opposite end of one of the cables into the Fluke 620 and the other into the coupler and cable identifier. Check for wire map, length and mis-wire from end to end through the patch cables, the data jack, and the patch panel. Did the cable run test good from end to end?  What were the results?

Step 6: Reflection
a. If you were on a job and did not have a cable meter to test, what other methods can be used?

Lab 4.5.4 Terminating UTP Cables

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Step 1: Strip the sheath 
a. Remove the cable sheath 2.54 cm (1 inch) from the end of the cable.

 

Step 2: Position wires in data jack

Position wires in the proper channels on the RJ-45 jack maintaining the twists as close to the jack as possible. The diagram that follows shows an example of how to place the wires with one type of jack.

Most jacks have the channels color-coded to indicate where the wires go. The following photo of the jack shows one model. Jacks are typically stamped to indicate whether they are T568A or T568B
Step 3: Punch down the data jack

a. Use the punch tool to push conductors into the channels. Make sure to position the cutting side of the punch tool so that it faces the outside of the jack. If this is not done, it will cut the wire being punched. Try tilting the handle of the punch tool a little to the outside, so it will cut better.

b. If any wire remains attached after using the punch tool, simply twist the ends gently to remove them. Then place the clips on the jack, and tighten them. Make sure that no more than 1.27 cm (one half inch) of untwisted wire is between the end of the cable jacket and the channels on the jack.

Step 4. Attach the faceplate. 

a. Snap the jack into the faceplate by pushing it from the back side. Make sure when this is done, that the jack is right-side up so the clip faces down when the wall plate is mounted.

b. Use the screws to attach the faceplate to either the box or to the bracket. If there is a surfacemounted box, keep in mind that it might hold 30-60 cm (1-2 feet) of excess cable. Then it will be necessary to either slide the cable through the tie-wraps, or pull back the raceway that covers it, in order to push the excess cable back into the wall. If there is a flush-mounted jack, all that is needed is to push the excess cable back into the wall.

Step 5: Punch down the patch panel 

a. On the opposite end of the cabling, remove the jacket 2.54 cm (1 inch) from the cable.

b. Lay the wires down in the patch panel so that the colors of the wires correspond exactly to the colors indicated on the pin locations in the same manner as the data jack was punched down.

c. Keep the sheath within .64 cm (¼ inch) of where the wires begin branching out to their pin locations.
d. Do not untwist the wires more than necessary to lay them down at the pin locations. A good way to keep from untwisting too much is to hold down the wires next to the patch panel with one finger while using the other hand to pull apart each end as you lay it across the connector.
e. The following figure shows a large punch down patch panel with carefully routed cabling.

Step 6: Test the data jack and patch panel terminations with a basic cable tester (optional)
a. Obtain two straight-through Ethernet patch cables and verify they both function properly using a simple cable tester.

b. Connect one end of one of the straight-through Ethernet patch cables to the data jack outlet and one end of the other straight-through cable to the jack at the patch panel.

c. Insert the opposite ends of the two cables into a simple cable tester and check for continuity from end to end through both patch cables, the data jack, and the patch panel. Did the cable run test good from end to end? Jawaban : Yes. If not, try to analyze where the problem is and repeat  the connections if possible with another wall jack and patch panel port

Step 7: Reflection (optional) 

a. Take a tour of a wiring closet that contains patch panels and punch-down blocks. Was there any other type of devices that might use similar techniques to attach wires? What do you think attaches to these cables?

Jawaban : wifi card, modem dll. Ternyata koneksi dengan menggunakan kabel memiliki speed yang lebih cepat dari pada menggunakan wifi.

b. What do you think are some of the drawbacks and advantages of having a job installing network cabling? Jawaban : dengan teknik pengkabelan kita dapat merasakan keuntungan: speednya lebih cepat dari pada wifi, sedangkan kekurangannya: sulit untuk pemasangan kabel untuk area gedung yang luas dan banyak memakan biaya.

Lab 4.5.3 Building Straight-Through and Crossover UTP Cables

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Part A: Build and test an Ethernet straight-through patch cable

Step 1: Obtain and prepare the cable

a. Determine the length of cable required. This could be from a device such as a computer to the device to which it connects (like a hub or switch) or between a device and an RJ-45 outlet jack. Add at least 30.48 cm (12 in.) to the distance. The TIA/EIA standard states the maximum length is 5 m (16.4 ft.). Standard Ethernet cable lengths are usually .6 m (2 ft.), 1.83 m (6 ft.), or 3.05 m (10 ft.).

b. Which length of cable did you choose and why did you choose this length?

Jawaban : 6m (2 ft) 

c. Cut a piece of cable to the desired length. Stranded UTP cable is commonly used for patch cables (the cables between an end network device such as a PC and an RJ-45 connector) because it is more durable when bent repeatedly. It is called stranded because each of the wires within the cable is made up of many strands of fine copper wire, rather than a single solid wire. Solid wire is used for cable runs that are between the RJ-45 jack and a punch-down block.

d.  Using wire strippers, remove 5.08 cm (2 in.) of the cable jacket from both ends of the cable.

Step 2: Prepare and insert the wires 

a. Determine which wiring standard will be used. Circle the standard. [T568A | T568B] 

b. Locate the correct table based on the wiring standard used. 

c. Spread the cable pairs and arrange them roughly in the desired order based on the standard chosen. 

d. Untwist a short length of the pairs and arrange them in the exact order needed by the standard. It is very important to untwist as little as possible. The twists are important because they provide noise cancellation. 

e. Straighten and flatten the wires between your thumb and forefinger. 

f. Ensure the cable wires are still in the correct order as the standard. 

g. Cut the cable in a straight line to within 1.25 to 1.9 cm (1/2 to 3/4 in.) from the edge of the cable jacket. If it is longer than this, the cable will be susceptible to crosstalk (the interference of bits from one wire with an adjacent wire). 

h. The tang (the prong that sticks out from the RJ-45 connector) should be on the underside pointing downward when inserting the wires. Insert the wires firmly into the RJ-45 connector until all wires are pushed as far as possible into the connector.

Step 3: Inspect, crimp, and re-inspect 

a. Visually inspect the cable and ensure the right color codes are connected to the correct pin numbers. 

b. Visually inspect the end of the connector. The eight wires should be pressed firmly against the end of the RJ-45 connector. Some of the cable jacket should be inside the first portion of the connector. This provides strain relief for the cable. If the cable jacket is not far enough inside the connector, it may eventually cause the cable to fail. 

c. If everything is correctly aligned and inserted properly, place the RJ-45 connector and cable into the crimper. The crimper will push two plungers down on the RJ-45 connector. 

d. Visually re-inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and repeat the process.

Step 4: Terminate the other cable end 

a. Use the previously described steps to attach an RJ-45 connector to the other end of the cable. 

b. Visually re-inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and repeat the process. 

c. Which standard [T568A | T568B] is used for patch cables in your school? 

Jawaban: [T568A]

Step 5: Test the cable 

a. Using a cable tester, test the straight-through cable for functionality. If it fails, repeat the lab. 

b. (Optional) Use the cable to connect a PC to a network. 

c. (Optional) Click the Start button and select the Run option. 

d. (Optional) Type cmd and press Enter. 

e. (Optional) From the command prompt, type ipconfig. 

f. (Optional) Write down the default gateway IP address.

Jawaban : 255.0.0.0

g. (Optional) From the command prompt, type ping followed by the default gateway IP address. If the cable is functional, the ping should be successful (provided that no other network problem exists and the default gateway router is connected and functional).

Part B: Build and test an Ethernet crossover cable

Step 1: Obtain and prepare the cable 

a. Determine the length of cable required. This could be from a hub to a hub, hub to switch, switch to switch, computer to router, or from one computer to another computer. Add at least 30.48 cm (12 in.) to the distance. Which length of cable did you choose and why did you choose this length? 

b. Cut a piece of cable to the desired length and, using wire strippers, remove 5.08 cm (2 in.) of the cable jacket from both ends of the cable.

Step 2: Prepare and insert the T568A wires 

a. Locate the T568A table at the beginning of the lab. 

b. Spread the cable pairs and arrange them roughly in the desired order based on the T568A standard. 

c. Untwist a short length of the pairs and arrange them in the exact order needed by the standard. It is very important to untwist as little as possible. Twists are important because they provide noise cancellation. 

d. Straighten and flatten the wires between your thumb and forefinger. 

e. Ensure the cable wires are in the correct order based on the standard. 

f. Cut the cable in a straight line to within 1.25 to 1.9 cm (1/2 to 3/4 in.) from the edge of the cable jacket. If it is longer than this, the cable will be susceptible to crosstalk (the interference of bits from one wire with an adjacent wire). 

g. The tang (the prong that sticks out from the RJ-45 connector) should be on the underside pointing downward when inserting the wires. Insert the wires firmly into the RJ-45 connector until all wires are pushed as far as possible into the connector.

Step 3: Inspect, crimp, and re-inspect 

a. Visually inspect the cable and ensure the right color codes are connected to the correct pin numbers. 

b. Visually inspect the end of the connector. The eight wires should be pressed firmly against the RJ-45 connector. Some of the cable jacket should be inside the first portion of the connector. This provides for cable strain relief which can eventually cause the cable to fail. 

c. If everything is correctly aligned and inserted properly, place the RJ-45 connector and cable into the crimper. The crimper will push two plungers down on the RJ-45 connector. 

d. Visually re-inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and repeat the process.

Step 4: Terminate the T568B cable end 

a. On the other end, use the previously described steps (but use the T568B table and standard) to attach an RJ-45 connector to the cable. 

b. Visually re-inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and repeat the process. 

c. Which standard [T568A | T568B] would you rather use at home if you have or would like to have a home network?

Step 5: Test the cable

a. Using a cable tester, test the crossover cable for functionality. If it fails, repeat the lab.

b. Use the cable to connect two PCs.

c. On both computers, click the Start button and select Run.

NOTE: If the Run command is unavailable on your PC, visually check the LED status lights on the NIC card. If they are on (usually green or amber) the cable is functional.

d. On both computers, type cmd and press Enter.

e. On both computers from the command prompt, type ipconfig.

f. Write the IP address of both computers.

Computer 1:

Computer 2:

g.    From the command prompt of one computer, type ping followed by the IP address of the other computer. If the cable is functional, the ping should be successful. Do the ping on the other computer as well.

NOTE: The Windows Firewall on the target computer must be temporarily disabled for the ping to be successful. Refer to Lab 3.1.5 if you need help with this. If you disable the firewall, be sure to re-enable it.

Step 6: Reflection 

a. Which part of making these cables did you find the most difficult? Compare your views with a classmate. 

b. Are all four pairs of cables twisted the same amount? Discuss the reasons why or why not.

Jawaban : Tidak. Setiap kabel memiliki perbedaan tersendiri. 

c. Ask a local business or check a site such as http://www.workopolis.com/ to see how much a beginning cable installer earns and which criteria they look for in a cable installer. Write the information you discover in the space provided. 

d. Many technicians keep a crossover cable in their toolkit. When do you think that you would use a crossover cable and when do you think a network technician would use this cable?

Jawaban : kabel cross digunakan untuk menghubungkan 2 perangkat yang berbeda.

Lab 4.2.3 Tracing Internet Connectivity

Hasmishel

06489/2008

tep 1: (Optional) Download and install a free program 

a. Open a search engine such as Google (www.google.com), Yahoo (www.yahoo.com), or Search (http://search.com). 

b. Which words do you think would give you the best result if you are searching for a visual program that allows you to trace how data (a packet) travels through the Internet? Write your search words.

Jawaban : visual program for Trace Roule Tool

c. Type the words you chose in the Search field. Locate and download the software and install it. Normally, the website has a link to the download site or you can click the words “Download” or “Download Now”. When you download any freeware, remember the location on the hard drive, flash drive, or disk media where you saved the program. Write down where the download is saved.

Jawaban : C:\Documents and Settings\Armein\My Documents\Downloads

d. What is the name of the program you installed?

Jawaban : Visual Trace Roule Tool

Step 2: Locate web sites 

a. Using the search engine again, locate five businesses with a web server, which are located in a country different from your own. 

b. Write the names of the five business web sites.

Jawaban : toko online, bisnis online pilihan, bisnis online indonesia, beton market. 

c. Using the search engine again, locate a business in your own country that has a web site that is accessible. 

d. Write the URL of the web site. An example URL is www.cisco.com.

Jawaban : www.bisnisonlineindonesia.com

Step 3: (Optional) Use downloaded visual trace route tool 

a. Using the software you have downloaded and installed, use the tool to determine the path which the packet takes to reach one of the remote country destinations. Each tool normally allows you to type a URL. The program should either list or visually display the path taken by the packet. 

b. How many hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the destination computer? 

Jawaban : 2

c. If your tool also provides time information, write down how long it took for the packet to reach the first hop? Answere:15 menit 

d. Use the tool to determine the path to another foreign country site. 

e. How many hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the destination computer?

Jawaban : 5. 

f. Use the tool to determine the path to a web site in your own country.

g. Was the time it took to reach a web site in your own country shorter or longer?

Jawaban : longer 

h. Try to think of an instance where the time it takes to reach a web server in your own country would be longer than it takes to reach another country’s web server?

Jawaban : karena di Indonesia belum ada server yang besar sehingga pengiriman paket data harus melalui server Negara lain.

Step 4: Use the tracert command 

a. Click the Start button, click the Run option, type cmd, and press Enter. An alternate way to get to the command prompt is to click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. 

b. From the command prompt, type tracert and press Enter. Options that can be used with the tracert command are shown. Items shown in square brackets [ ] are optional. For example, the first option that can be used with the tracert command is –d. If someone was to type tracert –d www.cisco.com, then the command issued to the computer is to trace the route to www.cisco.com, but do not try to resolve IP addresses to names. The target_name parameter is mandatory (it does not have brackets around it) and it is replaced with the destination network. In the previous example of tracert –d www.cisco.com, www.cisco.com is the target_name. 

c. Which tracert option would be used to designate that only 5 hops could be used to search for the device address on the destination network?

Jawaban : 10.10.14.45, 172.20.11.82, 222.124.3.9, 203.208.131.89 dan 59.128.15.141 

d. Write the full command that would be typed to trace a route to www.cisco.com and instruct the computer to not search for it after seven hops.

Jawaban : tracert –d www.cisco.com 

e. Using one of the remote country destination addresses (use the same address as the one you used with the visual tool if possible) use the tracert command to determine how many hops it takes to reach the remote web server. Write the number of hops and the destination.

f. The tracert command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request messages to determine the path to the final destination. The path displayed is a list of IP addresses assigned to routers that connect to one another to form the path. The ICMP packets contain a value called a Time To Live (TTL). The TTL value is 30 by default on a Microsoft-based PC and each router through which the packet passes, decrements that value by 1 before sending the packet on to the next router in the path. When the TTL value reaches 0, the router that has the packet sends an ICMP time exceeded message back to the source. The tracert command determines the path by sending the first ICMP echo request message with a TTL of 1 and then increases that TTL value by 1 until the target responds or the maximum number of hops is reached. The path is determined by examining the ICMP time exceed messages that are sent back by routers along the way and by the ICMP echo reply message that is returned from the destination. Routers that do not return the ICMP time exceed messages are shown by a row of asterisks (*). 

How many hops does your tracert command show that the packet went through?

Step 5: Use the pathping command 

a. A similar command that can be used on a Windows XP computer is pathping. This command combines the abilities of the tracert command with the ping command. From the command prompt, use the pathping command to determine the IP addresses of the routers used to create the packet path to another foreign country address. An example of the pathping command used to trace the path to Cisco is pathping www.cisco.com.

b. How many hops did the pathping command display to your remote destination? When do you think that you would ever use a tool like pathping or tracert?

Step 6: (Optional) Use the whois function 

a. Some of the freeware tools include an option to perform a whois function. Whois is a separate program or integrated with a tool similar to tracert or pathping. It displays (and sometimes has a link) who owns the web link of either the destination URL (such as cisco.com) or any of the links along the path. Explore the freeware tool that you have downloaded and installed and determine if it has a whois function. If it does, use it to determine who owns the domain name of one of the previous destinations used. 

b. Why would you want to use the whois function?

Step 7: Reflection

With a classmate, compare all of the commands used in this lab. Describe the purpose and benefit of each one. Which do you think is the most useful command?

Lab 3.6.5 Sharing Resources

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Step 2: Map network drives to provide quick and easy access to shared folders

g. Double-click the Test Message 2 text document. Add the words Techs rule to the document. From
the File menu and select Save. Question: What message is displayed? Why do you think this happened?

Jawaban : Tidak dapat mengakses file ini. Periksa Keistimewaan Keamanan. Pertanyaan kedua adalah pendapat pelajar sendiri

Step 4: Reflection
a. What are some of the benefits of mapped drives and shared folders in a home or small office network?

Jawaban : menghidari terinfeksi dari virus dan memudahkan mengingat alamat file kita.

b. Which folders cannot be shared? Can you think of reasons why an operating system might not allow
certain types of folders to be shared?

Jawaban : mungkin ada konfigurasi yang salah.

c. A mapped drive provides a pointer to a network resource, but mapped drive letters are said to be
locally significant only. What do you think is meant by locally significant?

Jawaban : Maksudnya hanya berlaku pada area lokal saja.

Lab 3.6.4 Connect and Configure Hosts

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Step 3: Step 3: Assign the PCs an IP address and default gateway
i. Why do you think the IP addresses are different, but the subnet masks and default gateways are the same?
Jawaban: Setiap perangkat pada jaringan harus memiliki identifikasi unik. IP alamat adalah salah satu cara unik mengidentifikasi setiap host jaringan atau perangkat. Default gateway merupakan cara berkomunikasi dengan perangkat yang TIDAK pada jaringan Anda sendiri
Langkah 4: Pastikan konfigurasi alamat IP
e. Are the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway correct for the first PC?
Jawaban: Ya
g. Are the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway correct for the second PC?
Jawaban: Ya


Step 6: Configure the NetBIOS name
a. Right-click Start and select the Explore option.
b. How many drive letters are shown in the window that appears?
Jawaban : Tergantung pada perangkat keras yang diinstal, namun akan ada minimal satu dan paling mungkin dua (Harddisk dan CD / DVD drive)
c. Which drive letters are shown?
Jawaban : tergantung pada perangkat keras yang terpasang, tetapi biasanya ada minimal C: drive untuk harddan drive D: drive untuk drive CD / DVD


Step 7: Verify configuration
c. The nbtstat –a command can be used to look at a remote computer’s name table. Type nbtstat
again from the command prompt. Notice in the output that when you use the –a switch, you have to put a space and then type a remote computer’s name (RemoteName).
From PC1, type nbtstat –a PC2 and press Enter. The nbtstat information for PC2 shows on PC1’s monitor.
What command would be used from the command prompt on PC2 to view information about PC1?
Jawaban : nbtstat-a PC1
f. Write the command that would be typed on PC2 to view information about PC1, using the IP address of PC1 instead of the NetBIOS name.
Jawaban : nbtstat-A 192.168.10.3
i. Does the ping succeed using lower case letters?
Jawaban : Ya

Lab 3.5.2 IP Addresses and Network Communication

Hasmishel

06489/2008

Step 5: Change IP address for PC2 

a. On PC2, go to the Control Panel, double click the Network Connections icon, and then right click the connected Local Area Connection icon. Choose Properties from the pull-down menu. 

b. Using the scroll bar in the Local Area Connection Properties window, scroll down to highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click the Properties button. 

c. Change the logical IP address for PC2 from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.2.2 and leave the subnet mask set to 255.255.255.0. On what network is PC2 now?

Jawaban : PC2 is now on the 192.168.2.0 network 

d. Click OK, which will close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the Close button to exit theLocal Area Connection Properties window. 

e. Refer back to Step 3c. On what network is PC1? PC1 is still on the 192.168.1.0 network. 

f. The two PCs are still on the same physical Ethernet network. Are they on the same logical IP network?Jawaban: NO

Step 6: Test network connectivity between the 2 PCs 

a. On PC1, go to Start, then Run. Type cmd, and then click OK. A Window command prompt window will appear. 

b. At the > prompt, type ping 192.168.2.2 and press Enter. Was it successful? No Why or why not? 

Jawaban: Ya.Karena pemasangan dan konfigurasinya benar. 

c. What type of networking device would allow the PCs to communicate?

Jawaban : A router, if placed between the 2 PCs using proper cabling

Step 7: Change IP address for PC1 

a. Using the procedure previously described, change the logical IP address for PC1 from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.99 and leave the subnet mask set to 255.255.255.0. On what network is PC1 now? 

Jawaban : Ya. PC1 is now on the 192.168.2.0 network 

b. Click OK, which will close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the Close button to exit theLocal Area Connection Properties window. 

c. The two PCs are still on the same physical Ethernet network. Are they on the same logical IP network now?Jawaban: No.

Step 8: Test network connectivity between the 2 PCs 

a. On PC2, go to Start, then Run. Type cmd, and then click OK. A Window command prompt window will appear. 

b. At the > prompt, type ping 192.168.2.99 and press Enter. Was it successful? Yes Why or why not?

Jawaban : Ya .Karena masih dalam satu jaringan